Infrastructure Bottleneck Negates Policy Intent

Even sound top-level policies fail in practice when underlying systems—power grids, permitting processes, financing mechanisms—lack capacity to support them. Policy intent gets absorbed and dissipated in execution, resulting in stalled outcomes. This is the structural form of the 'last-mile problem': when policy-making speed exceeds infrastructure adaptation speed, the constraint shifts from the decision layer to the hardware layer.

Read the daily articles behind this idea on the Chinese edition.